🔧 天文觀測工具

🔭 事件視界（r_s = 2·G·M / c²）Schwarzschild Radius 輸入物體質量，按 r_s=2GM/c² 計算其坍縮為黑洞時的事件視界半徑（史瓦西半徑），直觀感受質量與視界大小的對應關係。Schwarzschild Radius - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 傳播時間（t = d / c）Light Travel Time 輸入天體距離，按 t=d/c 計算光從該處到達地球所需的時間，把天文距離換算成直觀的年月，感受宇宙的時空尺度。Light Travel Time - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 地平線視線距離計算器Horizon Distance 輸入觀測者眼睛離地高度，按地球曲率估算能望見的最遠地平線距離，適用於航海、觀景與無線電視距的快速估算。Horizon Distance - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🌍 地球曲率可視距離計算器Earth Curvature 輸入觀察者高度與目標距離/高度，計算地平線可視距離、地球曲率下降量及目標被遮擋高度，並繪製曲率示意圖。Earth Curvature - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🌌 地震震級與能量換算（里氏↔焦耳）Convert 15 在里氏震級與釋放能量（焦耳）之間換算，輸入震級估算對應能量，用於地震科普與震級—能量關係的直觀理解。Convert 15 - convert values online, free and instant. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy t... 🌌 大氣壓與海拔轉換（氣壓計讀數）Convert 18 根據氣壓計讀數換算對應海拔高度，或反過來由海拔估算標準大氣壓，用於野外測繪、登山與氣象觀測中的高度推算。Convert 18 - convert values online, free and instant. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy t... 🔭 天文觀測條件計算器Observation Conditions 輸入觀測日期、經緯度與光汙染環境，估算月相、月升月落時間及綜合觀測條件評分，依據IDA暗空標準幫助天文愛好者挑選理想觀測時段。Observation Conditions - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. ☀️ 太陽高度角計算器Solar Elevation 輸入日期、時間與經緯度，計算太陽高度角、方位角、赤緯、時角，並繪製當日太陽軌跡。Solar Elevation - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 開普勒方程求解器Kepler Equation M = E − e·sinE（牛頓迭代求 E）Kepler Equation - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 引力（F = G·m₁·m₂ / r²）Gravitational Force 輸入兩個物體的質量與相距距離，按牛頓萬有引力定律 F=G·m₁·m₂/r² 計算兩者之間的引力大小，理解天體間相互作用。Gravitational Force - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 折射量（R = 1.02 / tan(h + 10.3/(h+5.11)) ′）Atmospheric Refraction 輸入天體真高度角，用Bennett近似公式（單位角分）計算近地面大氣折射使其視高度抬升的量，用於天文觀測與望遠鏡指向的折射修正。Atmospheric Refraction - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🌅 日出日落時間計算器Sunrise Sunset 基於 NOAA 太陽演算法，根據日期、經緯度與時區精準計算日出日落、太陽正午、日照時長及即時太陽位置Sunrise Sunset - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🌌 時區轉換（內建全球時區）Time Zone Convert 在內建的全球時區之間轉換時間，支援夏令時與標準時切換，輸入一地時間即得出其他城市對應時刻，適合跨時區行程與會議安排。Time Zone Convert - convert values online, free and instant. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astr... ⭐ 星等亮度對比器Magnitude Comparator 根據視星等計算兩天體亮度比。公式：F₂/F₁ = 2.512^(m₁−m₂)，即亮度比 = 2.512 的「星等差」次方。星等越小越亮，每差 5 個星等亮度相差 100 倍。Magnitude Comparator - compare online, free and clear. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy ... 🌊 潮汐高度估算器Tide Estimator 基於月球與太陽引潮力（平衡潮理論）估算潮汐高度、潮差、大潮/小潮與潮汐型別，並繪製 24 小時潮汐曲線。Tide Estimator - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 照明比例（k = (1 − cos(2π·D/29.53)) / 2）Moon Illumination 月相照明比例計算器，輸入農曆週期內天數估算月球被照亮比例，輔助觀月與月相相關活動安排。Moon Illumination - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 💧 相對溼度計算器（乾溼球溫度法）Humidity Calculator 基於乾球溫度與溼球溫度，使用 Sprung 公式與 Magnus 飽和水汽壓公式計算空氣溼度引數Humidity Calculator - calculate online, free and accurate. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astron... 🔭 視差距離（d = 1 / p pc）Stellar Parallax 恆星視差距離計算器，輸入週年視差角(角秒)按 d=1/p 求距離(秒差距)，用於近距恆星測距。Stellar Parallax - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 赤緯（δ ≈ 23.44°·sin(360°·(284+N)/365)）Solar Declination 太陽赤緯近似計算器，輸入年內第 N 天按 Cooper 公式估算太陽赤緯，用於日照與太陽能角度分析。Solar Declination - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 距離模數（d = 10^(1 + (m−M)/5) pc）Apparent Magnitude Distance 輸入天體的視星等與絕對星等，按距離模數公式 d=10^(1+(m−M)/5) 秒差距計算其近似距離，用於天文測距與星等換算。Apparent Magnitude Distance - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 軌道週期（T = 2π·√(a³ / (G·M))）Kepler Third Period 開普勒第三定律軌道週期計算器，輸入半長軸與中心天體質量按 T=2π·√(a³/(G·M)) 求圓軌道週期。Kepler Third Period - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 軌道速度（v = √(G·M / r)）Orbital Velocity 輸入中心天體質量與軌道半徑，按公式 v=√(GM/r) 計算維持圓軌道所需的環繞速度（第一宇宙速度），對比不同軌道。Orbital Velocity - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 近似距離（d = c·z / H₀）Hubble Redshift Distance 輸入星系紅移量與哈勃常數，按近似公式 d=c·z/H₀ 估算其距離，適用於低紅移天體的粗略測距與宇宙學入門。Hubble Redshift Distance - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 逃逸速度（v = √(2·G·M / R)）Escape Velocity 輸入天體質量與半徑，按公式 v=√(2GM/R) 計算逃逸該天體引力所需的最小初速度，可用於行星、衛星與探測器的對比。Escape Velocity - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. ☄️ 隕石撞擊坑直徑估算器Crater Estimator 輸入隕石引數，基於 Schmidt-Holsapple 縮放定律估算撞擊動能、TNT 當量、撞擊坑直徑、深度與破壞半徑。所有計算在瀏覽器本地完成。Crater Estimator - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools.