Given a confidence level, margin of error and expected proportion, estimate the minimum sample size needed to estimate a population proportion, for survey design.
给定置信水平与误差界估计所需样本量。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Sample size for a proportion | n = z^2 · p · (1 - p) / E^2, where E is the margin of error | Cochran WG, Sampling Techniques (3rd ed., 1977), Wiley |
| Finite population correction | n_adj = n / (1 + (n - 1)/N), where N is the population size | Cochran WG, Sampling Techniques (3rd ed., 1977) |
| Worst-case proportion | p = 0.5 maximizes p(1-p) and gives the most conservative sample size | Cochran WG, Sampling Techniques (3rd ed., 1977) |
| Confidence level and z | A 95% two-sided confidence level corresponds to z = 1.96 | NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, normal quantiles |
统计指标、置信区间与样本量的测算。