Enter trials n, success count k and success probability p to compute the probability of exactly k successes in n independent Bernoulli trials, for discrete distributions and risk modelling.
n 次独立试验恰好 k 次成功的概率。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Binomial PMF | P(X=k) = C(n,k) × p^k × (1−p)^(n−k) | Bernoulli 1713, Ars Conjectandi |
| Mean and variance | E(X) = np, Var(X) = np(1−p) | Binomial distribution properties |
| Normal approximation | Normal approximation valid when np≥5 and n(1−p)≥5 (np≥10 safer) | de Moivre-Laplace practical rule |
| Poisson approximation | For n≥20, p≤0.05: P(k) ≈ e^(−np)(np)^k ÷ k! | Poisson 1837 limit theorem |