Enter the number of successes and sample size (or the sample proportion) to get the confidence interval for a population proportion by normal approximation, for surveys and medical estimation.
对总体比例的区间估计。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Wilson interval | Wilson: centered on (p̂ + z²/2n ± z√(p̂(1−p̂)/n + z²/4n²)) ÷ (1+z²/n); robust for small n | Wilson 1927, JASA |
| Wald limitation | Wald fails when n·p̂<5 or p̂ near 0/1 | Brown, Cai & DasGupta 2001, Statistical Science |
| Sample-size condition | np̂≥5 and n(1−p̂)≥5 are the usual normal-approximation thresholds | Standard textbook condition |
| Exact interval | Clopper-Pearson exact interval uses Beta quantiles; conservative with guaranteed coverage | Clopper & Pearson 1934, Biometrika |
统计指标、置信区间与样本量的测算。