Enter two group means and pooled standard deviation (or group SDs and sizes) to compute Cohen's d and measure effect size for comparing experimental results.
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| d definition | d = (x̄1 − x̄2) ÷ s_pooled with pooled variance above | Cohen 1988, Statistical Power Analysis |
| Effect-size bands | 0.2 small, 0.5 medium, 0.8 large | Cohen 1988 Chapter 2 |
| Conversion with r | d = 2r ÷ √(1−r²); r = d ÷ √(d²+4) | Rosenthal 1991 conversion |
| Small-sample correction | Hedges' g = d × (1 − 3 ÷ (4(n1+n2) − 9)); prefer g below n=20 | Hedges & Olkin 1985 |