🔧 天文观测工具

🔭 事件视界（r_s = 2·G·M / c²）Schwarzschild Radius 输入物体质量，按 r_s=2GM/c² 计算其坍缩为黑洞时的事件视界半径（史瓦西半径），直观感受质量与视界大小的对应关系。Schwarzschild Radius - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 传播时间（t = d / c）Light Travel Time 输入天体距离，按 t=d/c 计算光从该处到达地球所需的时间，把天文距离换算成直观的年月，感受宇宙的时空尺度。Light Travel Time - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 地平线视线距离计算器Horizon Distance 输入观测者眼睛离地高度，按地球曲率估算能望见的最远地平线距离，适用于航海、观景与无线电视距的快速估算。Horizon Distance - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🌍 地球曲率可视距离计算器Earth Curvature 输入观察者高度与目标距离/高度，计算地平线可视距离、地球曲率下降量及目标被遮挡高度，并绘制曲率示意图。Earth Curvature - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🌌 地震震级与能量换算（里氏↔焦耳）Convert 15 在里氏震级与释放能量（焦耳）之间换算，输入震级估算对应能量，用于地震科普与震级—能量关系的直观理解。Convert 15 - convert values online, free and instant. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy t... 🌌 大气压与海拔转换（气压计读数）Convert 18 根据气压计读数换算对应海拔高度，或反过来由海拔估算标准大气压，用于野外测绘、登山与气象观测中的高度推算。Convert 18 - convert values online, free and instant. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy t... 🔭 天文观测条件计算器Observation Conditions 输入观测日期、经纬度与光污染环境，估算月相、月升月落时间及综合观测条件评分，依据IDA暗空标准帮助天文爱好者挑选理想观测时段。Observation Conditions - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. ☀️ 太阳高度角计算器Solar Elevation 输入日期、时间与经纬度，计算太阳高度角、方位角、赤纬、时角，并绘制当日太阳轨迹。Solar Elevation - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 开普勒方程求解器Kepler Equation M = E − e·sinE（牛顿迭代求 E）Kepler Equation - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 引力（F = G·m₁·m₂ / r²）Gravitational Force 输入两个物体的质量与相距距离，按牛顿万有引力定律 F=G·m₁·m₂/r² 计算两者之间的引力大小，理解天体间相互作用。Gravitational Force - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 折射量（R = 1.02 / tan(h + 10.3/(h+5.11)) ′）Atmospheric Refraction 输入天体真高度角，用Bennett近似公式（单位角分）计算近地面大气折射使其视高度抬升的量，用于天文观测与望远镜指向的折射修正。Atmospheric Refraction - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🌅 日出日落时间计算器Sunrise Sunset 基于 NOAA 太阳算法，根据日期、经纬度与时区精准计算日出日落、太阳正午、日照时长及实时太阳位置Sunrise Sunset - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🌌 时区转换（内置全球时区）Time Zone Convert 在内置的全球时区之间转换时间，支持夏令时与标准时切换，输入一地时间即得出其他城市对应时刻，适合跨时区行程与会议安排。Time Zone Convert - convert values online, free and instant. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astr... ⭐ 星等亮度对比器Magnitude Comparator 根据视星等计算两天体亮度比。公式：F₂/F₁ = 2.512^(m₁−m₂)，即亮度比 = 2.512 的「星等差」次方。星等越小越亮，每差 5 个星等亮度相差 100 倍。Magnitude Comparator - compare online, free and clear. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy ... 🌊 潮汐高度估算器Tide Estimator 基于月球与太阳引潮力（平衡潮理论）估算潮汐高度、潮差、大潮/小潮与潮汐类型，并绘制 24 小时潮汐曲线。Tide Estimator - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 照明比例（k = (1 − cos(2π·D/29.53)) / 2）Moon Illumination 月相照明比例计算器，输入农历周期内天数估算月球被照亮比例，辅助观月与月相相关活动安排。Moon Illumination - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 💧 相对湿度计算器（干湿球温度法）Humidity Calculator 基于干球温度与湿球温度，使用 Sprung 公式与 Magnus 饱和水汽压公式计算空气湿度参数Humidity Calculator - calculate online, free and accurate. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astron... 🔭 视差距离（d = 1 / p pc）Stellar Parallax 恒星视差距离计算器，输入周年视差角(角秒)按 d=1/p 求距离(秒差距)，用于近距恒星测距。Stellar Parallax - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 赤纬（δ ≈ 23.44°·sin(360°·(284+N)/365)）Solar Declination 太阳赤纬近似计算器，输入年内第 N 天按 Cooper 公式估算太阳赤纬，用于日照与太阳能角度分析。Solar Declination - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 距离模数（d = 10^(1 + (m−M)/5) pc）Apparent Magnitude Distance 输入天体的视星等与绝对星等，按距离模数公式 d=10^(1+(m−M)/5) 秒差距计算其近似距离，用于天文测距与星等换算。Apparent Magnitude Distance - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 轨道周期（T = 2π·√(a³ / (G·M))）Kepler Third Period 开普勒第三定律轨道周期计算器，输入半长轴与中心天体质量按 T=2π·√(a³/(G·M)) 求圆轨道周期。Kepler Third Period - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 轨道速度（v = √(G·M / r)）Orbital Velocity 输入中心天体质量与轨道半径，按公式 v=√(GM/r) 计算维持圆轨道所需的环绕速度（第一宇宙速度），对比不同轨道。Orbital Velocity - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 近似距离（d = c·z / H₀）Hubble Redshift Distance 输入星系红移量与哈勃常数，按近似公式 d=c·z/H₀ 估算其距离，适用于低红移天体的粗略测距与宇宙学入门。Hubble Redshift Distance - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. 🔭 逃逸速度（v = √(2·G·M / R)）Escape Velocity 输入天体质量与半径，按公式 v=√(2GM/R) 计算逃逸该天体引力所需的最小初速度，可用于行星、卫星与探测器的对比。Escape Velocity - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools. ☄️ 陨石撞击坑直径估算器Crater Estimator 输入陨石参数，基于 Schmidt-Holsapple 缩放定律估算撞击动能、TNT 当量、撞击坑直径、深度与破坏半径。所有计算在浏览器本地完成。Crater Estimator - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Astronomy tools.