📷 摄影参数工具

🌑 ND 滤镜快门换算Nd Filter ND 滤镜快门换算工具按滤镜档数（如 ND1000 约 10 档）求加滤镜后的延长快门，适合把水流、云彩拍成丝绢状的慢门摄影。Nd Filter - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 💾 RAW 文件大小估算RAW File Size Estimate RAW 文件大小估算工具按像素与位深估算单张 RAW 体积与连续拍摄时长占用空间，适合存储卡、硬盘容量规划与备卡。RAW File Size Estimate - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters... 🖨️ 像素与打印尺寸Print Size 像素与打印尺寸计算器按像素数与 DPI（300 为照片级）求可打印尺寸，反算冲印所需像素，适合海报与照片输出规划。Print Size - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🌗 动态范围档位Dynamic Range 动态范围档位计算器将亮度比换算为曝光档（stops），评估相机或场景的动态范围，适合 HDR 拍摄与影调控制参考。Dynamic Range - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 📸 包围曝光张数Photo 10 输入期望的总动态范围与每档曝光步长（如 1 EV、2 EV），工具计算完成 HDR 合成所需的最少包围曝光张数，并提示相邻两张应保留至少 1 EV 重叠，便于拍摄高光暗部细节完整的照片。Photo 10 - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🎞️ 包围曝光计划Bracketing Plan 包围曝光计划工具规划 HDR 或保险曝光的张数与 EV 范围，输入基准曝光与步长输出推荐序列，适合风光与产品摄影。Bracketing Plan - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🗃️ 存储卡可拍张数Card Capacity 存储卡可拍张数计算器按容量与单张照片大小（RAW 20-50MB/JPEG 更小）估算可拍张数，适合拍摄前存储规划与备卡。Card Capacity - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. ⏱️ 安全快门速度Safe Shutter 安全快门速度计算器依据焦距估算手持不易模糊的快门（防抖可放宽），低于该值易手抖模糊，适合旅行与弱光手持拍摄。Safe Shutter - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🎯 对焦超焦距Photo 5 对焦超焦距工具计算并应用超焦距对焦时的清晰范围（从 H/2 至无穷远），适合风光摄影最大化景深，辅助对焦距离设定。Photo 5 - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🔬 微距放大率Macro Magnification 微距放大率计算器依据焦距与物距求放大率（m=1 为等倍），适合微距摄影的标本与像比例评估与镜头选型。Macro Magnification - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters to... 🖨️ 打印分辨率 DPIDpi 打印分辨率 DPI 计算器由打印尺寸与像素求所需 DPI（300 常用于高质量打印），并反算像素需求，适合冲印与海报输出规划。Dpi - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🏎️ 摇摄快门速度Photo 11 摇摄快门速度计算器估算追随拍摄运动物体时的推荐快门，依据横向速度求可容忍模糊的快门范围，适合体育与生态摄影。Photo 11 - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🔬 放大倍率Photo 7 放大倍率计算器求微距摄影的放大倍率（1:1 表示成像与实物等大），适合微距镜头选型与标本拍摄比例评估。Photo 7 - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 💾 文件大小估算File Size Estimate 输入图像分辨率（像素）、位深与文件格式（RAW/JPEG），工具估算单张照片的存储空间占用，说明 JPEG 因压缩明显小于 RAW，帮助规划存储卡容量与备份策略。File Size Estimate - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🌅 日照时长估算Golden Hour 日照时长估算工具由纬度与赤纬求日出日落日照时长，并标识黄金时刻（日出后/日落前约 1 小时），适合户外摄影与行程规划。Golden Hour - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🌌 星轨拍摄时长Photo 4 星轨拍摄时长计算器按 500 法则估算不出现明显拖线的最长曝光时间，适合星空、星轨摄影的快门设定与地景配合。Photo 4 - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🎯 景深 DOF 计算Depth of Field 景深 DOF 计算器依据光圈、焦距与对焦距离求前景深与后景深范围，适合控制虚化效果与合焦区域，辅助人像、风光摄影。Depth of Field - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 📷 景深计算器Photo 景深计算器依据光圈、焦距与对焦距离求摄影景深、近界与远界及超焦距，适合控制虚化与合焦区域，辅助人像、风光拍摄。Photo - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. ☀️ 曝光值 EVEv 曝光值 EV 计算器依据光圈、快门与 ISO 求曝光值，EV 越低画面越亮，适合手动曝光、闪光与曝光补偿的量化控制。Ev - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 📷 曝光值 EV 计算Exposure Value 曝光值 EV 计算工具由光圈、快门、ISO 求 EV，同场景 EV 恒定，调整三者需保持平衡，适合理解曝光三角与手动模式练习。Exposure Value - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🔍 等效焦距Photo 2 等效焦距计算器求不同画幅下的等效焦距，以全画幅为基准系数 1，方便跨机位视角统一比较与镜头焦段选择。Photo 2 - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🔭 等效焦距换算Equivalent Focal 等效焦距换算工具将 APS-C（约 1.5）、M4/3（约 2.0）等画幅的实际焦距换算为全画幅等效焦距，方便视角统一比较。Equivalent Focal - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🌡️ 色温换算 miredMired 输入光源色温（开尔文）或 mired 微倒数单位之一，工具在两者间互换；摄影中可用 mired 描述滤光片带来的色温偏移量，便于校色与冷暖调补偿时快速选取校正滤镜。Mired - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 🔮 衍射极限光圈Photo 9 衍射极限光圈计算器依据传感器像素密度估算小像素传感器更早遇到衍射极限的光圈值，辅助画质优先的光圈选择。Photo 9 - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 👁️ 视角 FOV 计算Field of View 输入镜头焦距与传感器尺寸（全画幅/APS-C 等），工具按几何关系计算画面的水平、垂直与对角线视角（FOV），直观说明传感器越宽、焦距越短视角越大，便于选镜与构图预判。Field of View - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 👁️ 视角计算器Photo 6 视角计算器依据传感器尺寸（全画幅 36×24mm）与焦距求镜头水平与垂直视角，适合构图、焦段选择与视野预估。Photo 6 - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 📐 超焦距 H 计算Hyperfocal 超焦距计算器求对焦到超焦距 H 时的景深范围（从 H/2 至无穷远），适合风光与街拍中最大化清晰范围的焦距与对焦设定。Hyperfocal - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. ⚡ 闪光指数计算Photo 3 闪光指数计算工具依据闪光指数 GN 与光圈求闪光有效距离（ISO100 标定），适合夜景、人像补光时设定拍摄距离与曝光。Photo 3 - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools. 💡 闪光灯指数 GNFlash Gn 闪光灯指数 GN 计算器由闪光指数与拍摄距离求可用光圈（ISO100），辅助室内或夜景补光的曝光设定，适合外拍布光。Flash Gn - free online tool. Free online tool on ToolBox — 100% client-side, no data uploaded, no install. Part of the Photography Parameters tools.