对焦超焦距

📷 Focus Hyperfocal Distance Calculator

Calculate the hyperfocal distance and the range of acceptable sharpness for landscape focusing at a given aperture.

📐 计算公式与说明

超焦距计算(本页代码口径):H=焦距²÷(光圈值×弥散圆)÷1000(m,焦距与弥散圆 mm、结果化米);对焦于 H 时景深近界=H÷2(m)、远界=无穷远;联动量:f/16 超焦距=焦距²÷(16×弥散圆)÷1000(m)。校验:三项空值即提示并中止。判据:无固定分级,光圈越小(f 值越大)超焦距越近、近界越近,风光常用小光圈扩大景深。

风景摄影常用技巧。

📚 深度解析:超焦距近远界

💡 常见使用场景

清晰带
24mm、f/11、c=0.03:H ≈ 1.76m,对焦 H 时近界 = H/2 ≈ 0.88m、远界 = 无穷,全画面从近脚到天际清晰。
f/16 更远
同 24mm f/16:H ≈ 1.22m,近界 ≈ 0.61m,远界仍无穷,近处更清但衍射略增。

❓ 常见问题(FAQ)

近界为什么是 H/2?
对焦超焦距时,最近清晰点恰为 H/2、最远无穷,这是超焦距定义的几何结果。
收太小有坏处吗?
f/16+ 衍射使整体略软,风光常用 f/8–f/11 平衡景深与锐度。

Formula & Standard References

Item Formula / Rule Source / Standard
Focus choice Landscapes focus at the hyperfocal distance or a third into the scene to balance near and far Kingslake, Optics in Photography, SPIE Press, 1992
Format factor As c shrinks with smaller formats, the hyperfocal distance grows proportionally ISO 12231:2012 Photography — Vocabulary
Aperture trade-off Stopping down shortens H until diffraction softening takes over ISO 12231:2012 Photography — Vocabulary