Get image distance from object distance and focal length using 1/f = 1/dₒ + 1/dᵢ, plus upright/inverted and real/virtual. For geometrical optics exercises and lens design.
由物距与焦距求像距。
| Item | Standard / Source | Key Point |
|---|---|---|
| Thin-lens equation | Gaussian lens formula; Classic optics (Hecht, Optics, 5th ed.) | 1/f = 1/do + 1/di with sign convention |