Compute resolving power and limiting resolution angle from circular aperture diameter D and wavelength λ in nanometres. For telescopes, microscopes and camera resolution.
输入孔径直径 D 与波长 λ(纳米),求分辨本领。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Resolving power | R = D / (1.22 λ), equivalent to the Rayleigh criterion | Lord Rayleigh (1879) |
| Limiting resolution angle | θmin = 1.22 λ / D | Airy (1835), circular-aperture diffraction |
Constants used on this page and their authoritative sources, for verification and citation
| Constant | Value | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rayleigh criterion coefficient (circular aperture) | 1.2196699… (≈ 1.22) | — | = j₁,₁/π (mathematical constant, exact) |
| Abbe resolution coefficient (0.61 = 1.22/2) | 0.6098349… | — | Derived from j₁,₁/π (mathematical constant, exact) |
| Peak photopic wavelength of the human eye | 555 | nm | CIE 1924 photopic luminosity function V(λ) peak |
| Reference green wavelength of standard illuminant D65 | 550 | nm | ISO 21348 / CIE standard illuminant (commonly used example value) |
Note: the resolving power R = λ/Δλ depends on which criterion defines Δλ (Rayleigh, Taylor, or FWHM); criteria must not be mixed.
工作与生活中的相关计算与查询。
分辨本领:光学系统能区分两点的最小角距离。瑞利判据 θ_min≈1.22·λ/D(λ 波长、D 孔径)。
θ_min 越小分辨率越高;增大孔径 D 或使用短波长 λ 可提升分辨极限。 microscopes/telescopes 设计的核心约束。