Divide operating expenses by earned premium to assess cost efficiency.
费用率 = 营运费用 ÷ 保费收入。
| Item | Formula / Rule | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Expense ratio | Expense ratio = operating expenses ÷ premium income × 100% | China Insurance Regulatory Commission, solvency rules |
| Expense classes | Costs split into acquisition, maintenance and claims handling, with acquisition deferred | China Insurance Regulatory Commission, solvency rules |
| Link to combined ratio | Expense plus loss ratio gives the combined ratio, the direct test of underwriting profit | Casualty Actuarial Society, Fundamentals of Ratemaking |