Enter a data set and a target value to compute the percentile rank, i.e. the percentage of the data below that value, for score and ranking evaluation.
某值低于总体中多少比例的数据。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Percentile rank | PR = (L + 0.5·E)/n × 100%, where L = count below and E = count equal to the value | AERA/APA/NCME, Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) |
| Percentile rank vs. percentile | A percentile is a value at a given rank; a percentile rank is the proportion below a value | AERA/APA/NCME, Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) |
| Percentile by order statistics | The p-th percentile is the ceil(p/100 · n)-th order statistic | NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods §1.3.5 |
| Normal approximation | z = (x - mu)/sigma, with the corresponding percentile Phi(z) | NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, normal quantiles |