Compute the refraction angle from incidence angle and the two refractive indices using n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂, and detect total internal reflection. For geometrical optics and fiber transmission.
| Item | Standard / Source | Key Point |
|---|---|---|
| Snell's law | Snell (1621); Descartes (1637); Classic optics (Hecht, Optics, 5th ed.) | n1*sinθ1 = n2*sinθ2 |