Compute the present value of a certain annuity used as the basis for premium pricing.
确定年金现值 a_n| = (1 − v^n) / i。
| Item | Formula / Rule | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Immediate annuity | an| = (1 − vn) ÷ i with v = 1 ÷ (1 + i) | International Actuarial Notation, actuarial symbols |
| Annuity due | än| = an| × (1 + i), gaining one extra period of interest | International Actuarial Notation, actuarial symbols |
| Whole life annuity | ax = ∑ vt · tpx, weighted by survival probability | China Life Insurance Experience Mortality Table 2010-2013 |