Estimate recurring holding costs (tax, property management, maintenance) for a property over the holding period.
输入两个参数，自动计算常用结果
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Operating expenses | operating costs cover management repairs insurance and tax but not capital spend | IVS 105, valuation approaches |
| Expense ratio | the expense ratio is operating cost over effective gross income | GB/T 50291-2015, real estate appraisal |
| Capital expenditure | major repairs and equipment renewal are capital items deducted separately | ISO 55000:2014, asset management |
持有（期间运营）费用。免费在线工具，纯前端处理，数据不上传，保护隐私安全。