Grade cardiac function from I to IV by the degree of activity limitation and symptom pattern, following the New York Heart Association functional classification.
用于心衰严重程度评估。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Class definition | heart failure classes run from one to four by limitation of daily activity | NYHA functional classification |
| Basis of grading | grading follows symptoms not ejection fraction and complements objective measures | ESC 2021, heart failure guidelines |
| Subjectivity | inter-rater variation exists so longitudinal comparison needs one assessor | ESC 2021, heart failure guidelines |