Compute book value per share from net assets, preferred stock and shares outstanding.
| Item | Formula / Rule | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Book value per share | BVPS = (net assets − preferred equity) / common shares outstanding at period end | IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, par. 54 |
| Equity attribution | Preferred stock ranks ahead of common stock on liquidation, so it is deducted first | IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, par. 54 |
| Versus market price | Book value is measured at historical cost, so the gap to market price reflects expected appreciation or impairment | IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment, par. 30 |