Compute reproducibility σ_o from the range of operator averages divided by the d₂* coefficient to quantify operator-to-operator variation.
再现性 = 操作者均值极差 / d₂*。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Definition of reproducibility | Variation between different operators, gauges or laboratories measuring the same characteristic | AIAG, Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Reference Manual, 4th ed. (2010) |
| Range-method estimate | AV = sqrt( (Rbar_o · K2)^2 - EV^2/(n · r) ), with K2 a constant and r trials per part | AIAG, Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Reference Manual, 4th ed. (2010) |
| Standard vocabulary | ISO 5725 defines reproducibility as the closeness of results under changed conditions | ISO 5725-1:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods - Part 1 |
| Combination into GRR | GRR = sqrt(EV^2 + AV^2), with appraiser variation contributing to AV | AIAG, Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) Reference Manual, 4th ed. (2010) |