Apply A1v1 = A2v2 to find the velocity after a pipe diameter change from the inlet area/velocity and the outlet area.
由入口断面、流速与出口断面,按 A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ 求变径后流速。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Continuity equation | A1v1 = A2v2 = Q for incompressible steady flow | Mass conservation |
| Diameter and velocity | D = √(4Q ÷ (πv)) with A = πD²/4 | Circular-pipe geometry |
| Economic velocity | Penstocks 4–6 m/s, low-pressure 1–2 m/s, suction 0.8–1.5 m/s | Hydropower/pump-station design practice |
| Series pipes | Series pipes share Q; total loss is the sum of hf | Network computation rules |