管道沿程水头损失

⚙️ Pipe Friction Head Loss Calculator

📐 工作原理与说明
流量换算:单位为 L/s 时 Q = 流量 ÷ 1000,否则 Q = 流量 ÷ 3600(m³/s);管径 D = 毫米值 ÷ 1000(m);海澄-威廉沿程水头损失 hf = 10.67 × 管长 × Q^1.852 ÷ (C^1.852 × D^4.87)(m);压降 ΔP = hf × 9.80665(kPa,按水计);管内流速 v = Q ÷ (π × (D ÷ 2)²)(m/s);流量、管长非负且管径与 C 值须大于 0

Compute friction head loss along a pipe.

采用 Hazen-Williams 公式计算圆管沿程水头损失、压降与管内流速。

常见管段预设:

请输入参数后计算。

C 值参考:PVC/PE 新管 140,新钢管 120,旧钢管/铸铁管 90~100,混凝土管 120。结果未含局部水头损失。
Parameters and head-loss results can be exported as CSV for record

Formula & Standard References

Item Formula / Note Source / Standard
Hazen-Williams formula h_f = 10.67 · L · Q^1.852 / ( C^1.852 · d^4.87 ) in SI units Hazen A, Williams GS, Hydraulic Tables (1905), John Wiley
Roughness coefficient C A larger C means a smoother pipe and less head loss Hazen A, Williams GS, Hydraulic Tables (1905)
Range of application Intended for water at normal temperatures in turbulent pipe flow, not viscous liquids Hazen A, Williams GS, Hydraulic Tables (1905)
Relation to Darcy-Weisbach The two can be converted; Darcy-Weisbach is more general but needs the friction factor Crane Co., Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe (TP-410)

📚 深度解析:管道沿程水头损失

💡 常见使用场景

达西公式
f=0.025、L=200、D=0.15、v=1.2 → h_f=0.025×200/0.15×1.2²/19.62≈2.45 m。
粗糙影响
f 从 0.02 升到 0.03,同条件损失增 50%,旧管结垢后能耗明显上升。

❓ 常见问题(FAQ)

f 怎么定?
层流 64/Re,紊流用 Colebrook 或 Swamee-Jain 近似,依赖 Re 与相对粗糙度。
和局部损失关系?
沿程与管长成正比、局部与局部构件相关,总损失两者相加。