Enter the time uncertainty Δt of a particle's existence and compute the minimum energy broadening ΔE ≥ ℏ/(2Δt), showing shorter-lived states have broader levels, for excited-state and natural-linewidth estimates.
输入时间不确定度 Δt,求最小能量展宽。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Energy-time uncertainty | ΔE·Δt ≥ ħ/2 | Heisenberg 1927 |
| Level width | Γτ ≈ ħ | Quantum mechanics |
| Virtual processes | Short-time energy borrowing | QFT interpretation |
| Distinction | Time is not an operator | Pauli 1980 |
| Natural linewidth | Set by excited-state lifetime | Atomic spectroscopy |
| Value | ħ/2 = 5.27×10⁻³⁵ J·s | CODATA 2018 |