Find image position and magnification for concave or convex spherical mirrors.
由物距与曲率半径,按 f=R/2 与 1/f = 1/u + 1/v 计算像距与放大率。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Mirror equation | 1/u + 1/v = 2/R = 1/f, with focal length f = R/2 for a spherical mirror | Jenkins FA, White HE, Fundamentals of Optics (4th ed.), McGraw-Hill |
| Magnification | m = -v/u, the sign indicating image orientation | Jenkins FA, White HE, Fundamentals of Optics (4th ed.) |
| Sign convention | Real object and image distances are positive; virtual ones negative (Gaussian convention) | Jenkins FA, White HE, Fundamentals of Optics (4th ed.) |
| Concave versus convex | Concave mirrors give real or magnified virtual images; convex mirrors always give reduced upright virtual images | Jenkins FA, White HE, Fundamentals of Optics (4th ed.) |