Convert a set of logits into a probability distribution that sums to 1, the standard last step of a multi-class model.
Softmax 输出概率之和为 1。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Function definition | softmax exponentiates each logit then divides by the sum of all exponentials | Bridle 1990, Neural Computation |
| Probability property | each component is nonnegative and the total sums to one | Bishop, Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning |
| Shift invariance | adding a constant to all logits leaves outputs unchanged so the maximum is subtracted for stability | Goodfellow et al., Deep Learning |