Enter within-cluster sum of squares for several values of k and find the elbow where adding clusters stops paying off.
降幅明显减缓处常选为最佳 k。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | the elbow method picks k at the bend of the within-cluster sum of squares curve | Hartigan & Wong 1979, JASA |
| WCSS formula | WCSS sums squared distances from each point to its cluster centroid | MacQueen 1967, Berkeley Symposium |
| Selection rule | past the elbow marginal gain in fit diminishes so the largest-gain k is chosen | Lloyd 1982, IEEE Trans. IT |