Compute Cohen's kappa from two annotators' labels to measure agreement beyond chance. Standard for annotation QA and diagnostic consistency.
κ>0.8 几乎完全一致,<0.2 微弱。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | kappa = (observed agreement - chance agreement) / (1 - chance agreement) | Cohen 1960 |
| Interpretation | values from 0.61 to 0.80 count as substantial agreement | Landis and Koch 1977 |
| Versus accuracy | kappa removes chance agreement and suits imbalanced labels | Cohen 1960 |