Find the effective tax rate: total tax ÷ pre-tax income.
综合衡量实际承担的税负水平。
| Item | Formula / Rule | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Effective rate = total tax ÷ pre-tax income × 100% | OECD Revenue Statistics, Interpretative Guide |
| Three rates | Statutory rates describe rules, marginal rates describe increments and effective rates describe the overall burden | IMF Government Finance Statistics Manual, 2014 |
| Relief impact | Reliefs and credits pull the effective rate below the statutory one, and the gap measures the benefit | OECD Revenue Statistics, Interpretative Guide |