Compute reduced levels by the rise-and-fall or height-of-instrument method from cumulative backsight and foresight readings.
输入已知点高程 BM、后视累计 BS 与前视累计 FS,求高程。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Reduced level | H_forward = H_back + (a − b), station by station | Leveling recursion |
| Turning points | Turning points read twice to carry elevation; intermediate sights read once | Leveling field procedure |
| Two-face check | Rod constant 4.687/4.787 m; face difference ≤3 mm (fourth order) | GB 50026-2020 fourth-order rules |
| Record discipline | Field books are never erased; strike through and annotate for traceability | Survey quality-management requirements |