水准高差累积

Closed Leveling Loop

Compute height differences and misclosure around a closed leveling loop.

📐 计算公式
水准测量高差计算(本页代码口径,逐站求和):总高差 h=Σ(后视读数ᵢ−前视读数ᵢ)(m,逐站累加,前视缺失项按 0 补位);平均站差=h÷后视测站数(m/站)。校验:无强校验,读数按逗号分隔解析、缺失项按 0 兜底。判据:无固定分级,后视大于前视该站升高、反之降低;闭合差校核须另行具备起终点已知高程。

Σh = Σ(后视 − 前视)。

Formula & Standard References

Item Formula / Note Source / Standard
Theoretical condition of a closed loop For a closed levelling loop the sum of height differences is theoretically zero GB 50026-2020, Code for engineering surveying
Misclosure fh = sum h, the difference between observed and theoretical sums GB 50026-2020, Code for engineering surveying
Tolerance Limits are set by route length or station count, e.g. ±40·sqrt(L) mm or ±12·sqrt(n) mm GB 50026-2020, Code for engineering surveying
Distribution of misclosure Corrections are proportional to station count or distance and opposite in sign GB 50026-2020, Code for engineering surveying
📌 计算说明
  • 高差 = 后视 − 前视,逐站累加。
  • 闭合差应限差内。

📚 深度解析:高差计算

💡 常见使用场景

高差
后视 1.500、前视 0.950 → 高差=后视−前视=+0.550m(前点高 0.55m)。
累积
多站高差代数和得两点总高差,闭合差=Σh−(终点已知−起点已知) 检核。

❓ 常见问题(FAQ)

高差符号?
后视−前视为正表示前点高于后点,约定统一别反。
水准和三角高差?
水准直接测、最准;三角高差=斜距×cos(天顶)±仪高,受大气折光影响。