V = (A₁ + A₂) / 2 × L。
V = (A₁ + A₂) / 2 × L。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Average end-area method | V = (A1 + A2) ÷ 2 × L; shorter intervals are more accurate | GB 50854-2013 earthwork quantity rules |
| Grid method | V = Σ(mean cut depth × cell area) over 20 m × 20 m grids | Conventional earthwork take-off |
| Cut-fill balance | Cut ≈ fill × (1 + swell 1.1–1.3); compacted fill shrinks | Construction-planning handbook |
| Accuracy note | Densify sections in broken terrain; DEM resolution and spacing jointly set error | Earthwork-survey accuracy practice |