Enter sample data (or mean, standard deviation and size) to test a sample mean against a hypothesised population mean when the population SD is unknown, returning t, df and p.
总体标准差未知时,用样本标准差检验均值偏离。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| t statistic | t = (x̄ − μ0) ÷ (s ÷ √n) with df = n − 1 | Student (Gosset) 1908, Biometrika |
| Normality condition | For n<30 the population should be near-normal; check with Shapiro-Wilk | Shapiro & Wilk 1965, Biometrika |
| Two-tailed critical values | Two-tailed α=0.05: ±2.262 at df=9, ±2.045 at df=29, →1.960 as df→∞ | Standard t-distribution tables |
| Effect-size pairing | Report d and CI alongside p; significance alone is insufficient | APA Publication Manual (2020) reporting standards |