氢原子能级计算器

E_n = −13.6 eV / n²

Compute the energy E_n = −13.6/n² eV of the n-th hydrogen level, for Bohr-model, spectrum and atomic-physics level and transition analysis.

📐 计算公式
氢原子能级:E_n = −13.6 ÷ n²(eV,n 四舍五入取整);联动量:电离能 = |E_n|(eV)、跃迁至基态释放能量 = 13.6 − 13.6 ÷ n²(eV)。校验:n 非空守卫。判据:无固定分级,n 越大能级越趋近 0,基态 n=1 为 −13.6 eV。

氢原子第 n 能级能量。

Formula & Standard References

Item Formula / Note Source / Standard
Energy levelsE_n = −13.6 eV/n²Bohr model
Rydberg energyRy = 13.6057 eVCODATA 2018
Hydrogen-likeE_n = −13.6Z²/n² eVQuantum mechanics
Fine structureSplitting of order α²Dirac theory
Lamb shiftQED correction ~1057 MHzLamb 1947
Ionisation energy13.6 eV ground stateAtomic data
📌 计算说明
  • E_n = −13.6/n² eV。
  • 基态 n=1 → −13.6 eV。

📐 Physical Constants

Constants used on this page and their authoritative sources, for verification and citation

Constant Value Unit Source
Rydberg constant R_∞ 10 973 731.568160 m⁻¹ CODATA 2018
Rydberg energy (half a hartree) 13.605693122994 eV CODATA 2018 (= hc·R_∞)
Planck constant h 6.62607015e-34 J·s SI defining constant (exact)
Elementary charge e 1.602176634e-19 C SI defining constant (exact)

Note: the Bohr model gives E_n = −13.6/n² eV for a fixed nucleus; more accurate levels require the reduced-mass correction plus fine-structure and Lamb-shift terms.

📚 深度解析:氢原子能级

💡 常见使用场景

n=2
E_n=−13.6/n²=−13.6/4=−3.4eV;n=1 为 −13.6eV(电离需 13.6eV)。
n=3→2 跃迁
ΔE=−3.4−(−1.51)=−1.89eV,放出 1.89eV 光子(对应 656nm 红光)。

❓ 常见问题(FAQ)

能级为何为负?
取无穷远为 0,束缚态能量为负;n→∞ 趋于 0(自由电子)。
类氢离子怎么改?
E_n=−13.6·Z²/n²,核电核数 Z 增大能量更负。