Design broaching operations by sizing broach geometry, rise per tooth and required pull force.
按单位切削力 250 N/mm²、固定切削宽度 10 mm、同时工作齿数 3 计算切屑总面积对应的拉削力（F = 250×10×齿升×3），再按 1.3 倍安全系数与刀杆许用拉应力 600 MPa 反推刀杆最小截面；齿数按 余量÷齿升 向上取整（先消除浮点尾差再取整）。校验：余量与齿升均须 >0，且齿升不得大于余量；两参数角色固定（余量在前、齿升在后），不做互换，避免把齿升当切削宽度导致拉力被成倍放大。
| Item | Formula / Rule | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Rise per tooth | The rise per tooth af is generally 0.02 to 0.10 mm per tooth; a larger value sharply increases broaching force. | ISO 3002-1:1982, cutting tool geometry - part 1 |
| Broaching force estimate | F = kc × af × number of teeth cutting simultaneously × cutting width, with kc the specific cutting force. | ISO 3685:1993, tool-life testing with single-point tools |
| Tooth pitch design | The tooth pitch p = (1.25 to 1.5) × √L, with L the broached length, ensuring chip gullet capacity. | ISO 3002-1:1982, cutting tool geometry |
拉削（拉刀/齿升/拉力）设计。免费在线工具，纯前端处理，数据不上传，保护隐私安全。