Estimate the virtual water consumption of a product from its type and output for product water footprint and supply-chain assessment.
虚拟水消耗常远高于直接用水。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Water footprint components | WF = blue + green + grey | Hoekstra 2011 |
| Grey water footprint | WFgrey = L/(Cmax−Cnat) | Hoekstra 2011 |
| Product water footprint | Virtual water per unit | Mekonnen 2011 |