Estimate the pH of a weak acid solution from [H⁺] = √(Ka·C) (valid for small dissociation).
输入弱酸浓度与 Ka,用近似公式求氢离子浓度与 pH。
| Quantity | Value | Unit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ionic product K_w (25 °C) | 1.0×10⁻¹⁴ | — | IUPAC; temperature dependent |
| pK_w (25 °C) | 14.00 | — | pK_w = −log10(K_w) |
| pK_a + pK_b = pK_w | 14.00 | — | conjugate acid-base pair (25 °C) |
| K_w temperature dep. | 0 °C≈1.14E-15; 100 °C≈5.13E-13 | — | pK_w deviates from 14 off 25 °C |
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Acid dissociation constant | K_a = [H+][A-]/[HA] using equilibrium concentrations | IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology (Gold Book) |
| Definition of pH | pH = -log10( a_H+ ); in dilute solutions concentration approximates activity | IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology (Gold Book) |
| Weak-acid approximation | For slight dissociation, [H+] ≈ sqrt( K_a · c ), where c is the initial concentration | Atkins PW, de Paula J, Physical Chemistry, Oxford Univ. Press |
| Relation to pK_a | pK_a = -log10( K_a ); a smaller pK_a means a stronger acid | IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology (Gold Book) |