Compute the fundamental frequency of a closed (stopped) pipe from its length and the speed of sound.
一端闭口、一端开口的管,基频波长为管长 4 倍。
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Closed-pipe standing waves | f_n = n·v / 4L (n = 1, 3, 5…, odd harmonics only), displacement node at closed end | Classical standing-wave theory (Rayleigh, Theory of Sound) |