Fire Fighting Tactics
进攻战术:内攻灭火、堵截包围、上下夹击、分割穿插
防御战术:冷却保护、隔离堵截、破拆排烟、设防保护
原则:先控制后消灭、先救人后灭火、先重点后一般
进攻转防御:火势失控、结构濒临坍塌、力量不足、水源中断
防御转进攻:火势减弱、增援到场、水源恢复、结构趋于稳定
| Item | Formula / Note | Source / Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Tactical priorities | Life first, control then extinguish | Fire service doctrine |
| Interior attack | Flashover risk at ~20 kW/m² flux | ISO 14935 |
| Flashover temp | 600 °C + low smoke layer | Babrauskas 1980 |
| Backdraft signs | Pulsing dark smoke, hot doors | NIST/SFPE |
| Stream selection | Solid ≥30 m advance, fog cover | IFSTA manual |
| Vent timing | Vent after control to avoid growth | IFSTA/NFPA 1700 |
综合火灾阶段、建筑结构、着火面积、被困人员和到场力量,推荐进攻/防御/攻防结合战术模式与部署方案。